一、时间状语从句
表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner … than, hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等引导。
e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
He started as soon as he received the news.
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.
二、原因状语从句
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that(既然)等，for 表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连词，语气不如because强。
e.g. He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.
As it is raining, I will not go out.
Now that you mention it, I do remember.
三、地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。
e.g. Sit wherever you like.
Make a mark where you have a question.
四、目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是so, so that(从句谓语常有情态动词), in order that, in case(以防，以免)等。
e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.
He left early in case he should miss the train.
五、结果状语从句
结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that (从句谓语一般没有情态动词), so … that, such … that等引导。
e.g. She was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting.
He was so excited that he could not say a word.
She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
六、条件状语从句
条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。
e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.
So far as I know, he will be away for three months.
You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don’t go too far away from the river bank.
If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
高考英语常见连接词必备语法
(1)表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…,neither…nor…,or,aswellas,and,both…and….
(2)表因果关系的'连接词：therefore,so,asaresult,astheresultof,becauseof,dueto,owingto,thanksto等。
(3)表时间顺序的连接词：
the moment,as soon as,at first,then,later,mean while,at the beginning,in the end,before long,for the first time,the minute.
(4)表转折关系的连接词：yet,and yet,but,while,on the contrary,on the otherhand,however,at the same time等。
(5)表解释说明的连接词：that is,that is to say,in other words,such as,for example,for instance,and soon,etc,
and the like,and what not等。
(6)表总结的连接词：in aword,onthe whole,in short,to sumup,in all等
高考英语主语必备语法
主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。在原始的简单句中，主语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
高考英语谓语必备语法
谓语(动词)：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2.复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caughta bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
在英语中一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词(知道为什么吗)，而且，我们平时学习的时态是针对谓语动词来说。如果以do为例，do, did ,have done, will do, had done, is/am/are doing, was/were doing, would do。在简单句中，谓语动词和主语是句子的核心，是不可以随意删掉的。
高考英语宾语必备语法
宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
高考英语表语必备语法
表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词。
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
1. buy 用法：buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb.
Note: 点动词，不能表示买的时间长短。
2. but 用法：not…but.. but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎，差一点
Note: do nothing but do sth. nothing前有do，后面的to要省略。Not only… but also…引导的并列句，前倒后不倒。cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不，只能
3. by 用法：by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by mistake, by chance, by the way
Note: by way of 取道，经由。by reason of 由于。by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。
4. call 用法： call for / up / back / in / , call on sb. to do sth., pay / make a call on sb. give sb. a call ,on call
Note: call at后面跟地点;call on 后面跟人。
5. care 用法：take care of; with care; care for/about
Note: care about表示在乎，常用于否定句;care for表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定句。
6. carry 用法：carry表示搬运;carry on表示进行;坚持下去;carry out表示执行。
Note: carry没有方向性，可以表示随身携带。
7. case 用法：in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that case
Note: in case后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，即in case sb. should do的形式。
8. catch 用法：catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up with, catch sb. doing sth.
Note: be caught表示陷入困境，如：He was caught in the rain.
9. cattle 用法：集合名词，动词要用复数形式。如：Cattle are raised here. Note: 一头牛可以用a head of cattle. 注意十头牛用ten head of cattle。
10. chance 用法：by chance; take a chance; there is a chance that… Note: 在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。
主动形式表被动意义
①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时;当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。
These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。
My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。
The door won’t lock.门锁不上。
The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。
②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
The plan worked out successfully.
The lamps on the wall turn off.
③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.
The girl isn’t easy to get along with.
非谓语动词用主动表被动
(1)不定式to blame,to let用作表语时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义
(2)某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义
①这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。
②有时形容词后跟有名词，在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
③有少数用于类似结构的形容词(如fit,ready,free等)，其中的不定式用主动式和被动式均可。
(3)不定式用于某些动词(如have,have got,get,want,need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义
(4)不定式用于某些双宾动词(如give,show,buy,lend,get等)的直接宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义
(5)不定式用于修饰“there be+名词”中的名词时，可用主动式，也可用被动式，有时含义差不多
(6)be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动
(7)在need,want,require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义
①以上结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义
②它们后接名词时也可表示被动意义
介词短语用主动表被动的情形
“beyond+名词”
这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，且该名词一般都具有动作意义，类似的结构还有beyond compare(无可比拟)，beyond description(难以形容)，beyond(all)doubt(毫无疑问)，beyond expression(无法形容)，beyond suspicion(无可怀疑)，等。