一、表语从句 可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。 ……数百万人死于由抽烟引起的疾病 我们是否能赢得这次比赛
值得注意的是：
1. 表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可以由as, as if ，as though引导. It looks as if it is going to rain. 好象要下雨了。
2、另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构：The reason why…is that … (而不用 because) It ( This, That ) is because… . 他为什么被开除是因为他工作不努力。
二、同位语从句 同位语从句一般由 that, whether 等连词引导，常放在 advice, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, question, reason, truth, word, suggestion.等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。 登陆月球……. . ……什么时候回来 y也许病了
三、宾语从句 宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，介词的宾语，某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。
1.及物动词后的宾语从句： a warm support……任何需要帮助的人…… 她为什么拒绝了我的邀请
2.介词后的宾语从句： 我总是在思考如何提高我的口语水平。 老师对他所说的话很满意。
3.某些形容词后的宾语从句： ……通过努力工作，你将取得更大的进步 …….他没有告别就走了
4.非谓语动词后的宾语从句：
Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing.
一.非谓语动词
一)不定式的常考形式：
1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生
2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前
二)不定式常考的考点：
1)不定式做定语----将要发生
2)不定式做状语----目的
3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性;
+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)
" 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to
I 'd like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.
3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：
want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do
force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do
be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do
We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet.(NMET
1995)
A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (Key：C)
五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.
二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词
1)是名词 seeing is believing
2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.
一)动名词的形式:
一般形式：I don't like you smoking.
完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.
被动形式：This question is far from being settled.
二) 动名词常考的点
1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.(MET 1992)
A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you're calling(Key：C your calling 也对)
I regret not having taken your advice.
4)有些词后只能接动名词
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：
it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...
三、一致关系
一)主谓一致
1. 主谓一致(与插入语无关)
1主谓的分隔原则：主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。
2定语从句中的主谓一致：
3随前一致：
n. + together with n2
as well as
including
along with
with / of
accompanied with / by
4就近原则：n1 or n2 +v(就近原则)
either n1 or n2
5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)
不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)
例外：war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体
但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动词用单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.
The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.
The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.
类似的还有：law and order bread and
butter black and white
To love and to be loved is …
A lawyer and a teacher are…
A lawyer and teacher is …
6随后原则：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)
7百分比结构：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent
of+n1+v.(由n1决定
8倒装结构的主谓一致：
a)There be +n 由名词决定动词
b)Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构：
Among / Between …+系动词+n. (由名词决定动词)
9The+adj的主谓一致：
a)当表示"一类人"，
b)当表示某一抽象概念时
The good is always attractive.
10 To do/doing/主从+vs
__More than one+n
many a +n.
a day or two
英语词汇和语法是学习语法的基础，英语词汇中的常用动词又是学习词汇的重中之重，所以，你每天都要抽出时间来做这件事，积累词汇十分重要。你完全可以见缝插针，利用所有的零散时间来反复记忆词汇。我给你把常用动词都列出来了，你按照上面的顺序，每天早上花点时间来记，务必保证反复记忆，别贪多，保证记一个得一个啦。
你需要记忆的单词：第一，你们课本上出现的单词，在高考前，至少给我都重复记过5遍以上，不要光看着单词表记，结合课文中的句子记，适当的时候还可以翻看字典;第二，新概念课本上的单词，当然很多都是你们高中课本上出现的啦;第三，常用动词的学习，就按照我说的来，查字典来记忆。
虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句
1.wish后的宾语从句。
与现在愿望不一致，用主语十过去时，例如：
I wi。hIwere you.
与过去愿望不一致，用主语+had+过去分词，例如：Iwish I had visited the White House whenI was in the States与将来愿望不一致，用主语+would (could)+原形。
2.It's time句型：当lt's tine后用that从句时应该为主i吾+should+动词原形或主语十过去时，例如：It，s time thatyou went to school.或It's time that you should go to schooL
3- If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish+宾语从句”。
(l)If only he could come.他要能来就好了。
(2)If only I had known the answer.我要早知道答案就好了。
4.WOuld rather，as if(though)引导的从句也需使用虚拟语气，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，例如：
(l)I'd rather you posted the letter right away.
(2)She loves the children as if they were hers.
5.含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：
(1)介词或介词短语。如but for，but that，without,in case of, under more favorable condition等。
(2)连词。如so that, unless, in case, supposing,lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in orderthat, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。
注意：lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但也可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。例如：The foreign teacher spokeslowly in case we misunderstood him这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们误解。
(3)通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but,otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。
without, but. but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。例如：
①Without you,1 would never know him
②But for your oooperation, we wouldn't have done it
③But that she was afraid, she would have said no. .
④i would be most glad to help you, butI am busy now.
⑤I would have come to the party yesterday, but ljwas working.
⑥I am busy now, otherwise l would do you the favor!
1.as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像……(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时)[参考句型4]
2.情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法
could have done "本来可以……"(表示过去没有实现的可能)。
might have done"本来可能……;本来应该或可以做某事"(实际没有发生;含有轻微的责备语气。
should/ought to have done "本来该做某事"(而实际未做)
should not/ought not to have done "本来不该做"(实际却做过了，含有责备语气)
needn't have done "本来不必做"(但是已经做过了)
would rather have done "当时宁愿做了某事"(实际没有做过);否定式would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示"后悔"之意。